How Large Language Models Work

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About Course

A clear, non-mathematical explanation of the technology behind AI chat assistants. Learn how large language models are trained, what tokens, probabilities and context windows are, why models “hallucinate”, how retrieval and tools extend them, and what UK guidance says about using them safely and lawfully.

Tutwoo is an independent learning provider. This course is general awareness training written from published official guidance. It does not replace training required for your specific job, and it is not an accredited qualification.

© 2026 Tutwoo UK Limited. This course was created in-house by Tutwoo and is our original work. It is for your own learning only: please do not copy, share, record or resell it.

What Will You Learn?

  • Explain in plain English how a large language model generates text
  • Describe training, tokens, context windows and settings such as temperature
  • Understand why models hallucinate and show bias, and how to reduce the risk
  • Apply NCSC, ICO and UK government guidance when using LLMs at work

Course Content

Course Lessons

  • What a large language model is
  • Training, fine-tuning and the context window
  • Hallucinations, bias and other limitations
  • Using LLMs safely and lawfully

Sources & Further Reading
The official guidance this course is based on.

Final Assessment

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